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The presence of multinucleated giant cells and diffuse myelin pallor were specific for HIVD,but these pathologic changes occurred in only 50%of patients with dementia.Patients treated with antiretroviral agents for>12 months were less likely to show multinucleated giant cells or diffuse myelin pallor.Levels of mRNA for TNFa from frontal subcortical white matter were significantly greater in patients with HIVD than in AIDS patients without dementia or in seronegative controls.We conclude that routine histopathologic examination of the brain fails to detect multinucleated giant cells and diffuse myelin pallor in 50%of patients dying with HIVD.This suggests that more subtle neuropathologic correlates for the clinical manifestations of HIVD exist.Our observations of elevated levels of elevated levels of TNFa mRNA in HIVD indicates that the indirect mechanisms of brain dysfunction,such as abnormal cytokine expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of HIVD. |
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